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==Page 9==

9.03 '''Miss Grable'''<br />
Betty Grable actually became a pin-up favorite in '''1943''' (not 1944), when she had a photo series released. Although she had been featured in various films since the late 1920s, she first became a major box office attraction with the 1940 film ''Down Argentine Way''. The poster is also an example of the motif of the turning head that recurs throughout ''Gravity’s Rainbow''.  Correspondent Hazen Bob Dixon notes that Grable was actually pregnant when the picture was taken, which is why her back was turned in the first place.  The story is plausible, since Grable did give birth to a daughter (by her husband, band leader Harry James) in March 1944; however, there are other versions of how the image came to be taken.

9.05 '''Civvie Street'''<br />
In other words, Peacetime, when military personnel will again wear civilian clothes ("civvies"). George Formby had a postwar film titled George in Civvy Street (1946). See note at [[Pages 17-19#18|18.25]].

9.29 '''Jungfrau'''<br />
Correspondent Igor Zabel notes that the name of the famous mountain actually means "Virgin."  Matthias Bauer adds:
"The name of the mountain means ''virgin`` in 20th century German. Translated from Kluge ''Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache``, 23th edition, de Gruyter, Berlin, New York, 1999: ''originally meaning young lady, later generalized to young (unmarried) woman. Mysticism used the word for the Virgin Mary, and the meaning shifted towards young (virgin) woman."

Jungfrau is also the German for the zodiacal sign "Virgo."  
Another female "V." -- which figures later in the story and in history.
Note as well the oblique reference to Venus, the "planet of love".
In astrology Venus is "fallen" in Virgo.  Light.

9.14-19 '''Bartley Gobbitch, DeCoverley Pox . . . SNIPE AND SHAFT, Teddy Bloat'''<br />
"Gobbitch" comes from the archaic word "gobbet," which Webster’s New World Dictionary defines as "a fragment or bit, especially of raw flesh." The names "Pox" and "Bloat" are obvious enough, but "DeCoverley" comes from Sir Roger Decoverley, the prototypical country squire created by Addison and Steele for the Spectator and named in turn for a country reel dance. Overall, the names suggest another version of the "Whole Sick Crew" of Pynchon’s V. "Snipe" (backbite, take potshots) and "shaft" (undercut, screw over) are what these men are presumably assigned to do to others in their various bureaucratic jobs and what they do in conversations at the eponymous pub.

9.14-15 '''Maurice "Saxophone" Reed'''<br>More is Reed?. A saxophone is a single reed instrument.

9.19 '''the legend SNIPE AND SHAFT [as a pub sign]'''<BR>
A snipe is naval slang for a member of the engineering crew on a ship. Historically, there was always tension between snipes and the deck crew. http://oldsnipe.com/SnipeBegin.html

shaft: Any sensible canal boater carries a wooden pole on the cabin top, in order to punt the boat afloat again when it runs aground, and the most suitable length just happens to be about ten feet. It will normally be about two inches in diameter, and usually made of a hard wood.<BR>
However, the working boatmen of old called it a 'shaft', never a 'pole', and the term continues amongst experienced boaters today.http://www.grannybuttons.com/granny_buttons/2004/04/define_shaft.html

The pub name can also be read as two phallic references. "Shaft" is obvious. Snipe, dear reader, is an anagram. 

9.26 '''Vat 69'''<br> A whiskey. A sexual pun.<br>
Vat 69 whisky is a scotch blended whisky.
In 1882 William Sanderson prepared one hundred casks of blended whiskey and hired a panel of experts to taste them. The batch from the vat with number 69 was proclaimed as the best tasting one and the famous blend got its name. The whisky was at first bottled in port wine bottles. Wikipedia

9.28 '''Joaquin Stick'''<br>
Say it out loud--another classic Pynchon name.

==Page 10==

10.28 '''C'est magnifique, mais ce n'est pas la guerre'''<br />
It's magnificent, but it's not war.  The "French observer" was Marshal Pierre Bosque.

10.41 '''like a rude metal double-fart'''<br /> 
Telephones in the UK use a double-ring, sounding like bzzt-bzzt.

==Page 11==

11.25 '''his batman, a Corporal Wayne'''<br />
[[image:batman.jpg|thumb|100px|right]]Weisenburger correctly defines "batman" (an aide assigned to a British officer) but misses Pynchon’s joke: Any "batman" with the last name of "Wayne" must have the first name "Bruce" (batman's secret identity)!  (Alfred Appel in Nabokov’s Dark Cinema also missed the joke, claiming that Pynchon was poking fun at John Wayne by demoting him to a "mere" corporal!)

==Page 12==
12.07 '''to cup and bleed'''<br>
To bleed [into a cup]: To let blood from; to take or draw blood from, as by opening a vein. A medical way through the 16th Century to treat some illnesses.
Notice here Pynchon presents 'anxiety' as a physical illness treated in this old-fashioned discredited way (jokingly, of course).<br>
Blood-letting flourished under the theory of Humours [bodily fluids], the Four Temperaments and their corresponding liquid in the body:<br>

In re previous entry: "Cupping" is the application of heated cups to the skin.  As the cup, and the air within, cool, a partial vacuum is created, drawing an increased amount of blood toward the surface.  A lancet may then be used to release the blood in an attempt to "balance the humours" of the body.  The "[into a cup]" as used above is incorrect, or at best misleading.

In ''On the Temperaments'' Galen said an ideal temperament involved a balanced mixture of the four qualities. Galen identified four temperaments in which one of the qualities dominated. These last four, sanguine, choleric, melancholic and phlegmatic, eventually became better known than the others. While the term "temperament" came to refer just to psychological dispositions, Galen used it to refer to bodily dispositions, which determined a person's susceptibility to particular diseases as well as behavioral and emotional inclinations.<br>
 
Methods of treatment like blood letting, emetics and purges were aimed at expelling a harmful surplus of a humour. They remained part of mainstream Western medicine into the 16th century when William Harvey investigated the circulatory system.<br>

12.15 '''P.M.S. Blackett, "You can't run a war on gusts of emotion."'''<br>
P.M.S. Blackett was an English experimental physicist who contributed to a variety of scientific fields, including paleomagnetism and particle physics. As the quote above reflects, he is most widely recognized for his work with military strategy and operational research during World War II.<br>

Here one sees yet another lovely example of Pynchon playing with names, as well as a quick look into one of the book's central dichotomies. Although it's conceivable that others might print Patrick Blackett's name as "P.M.S. Blackett" with no thought of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Premenstrual_syndrome premenstrual syndrome], given that the quote attributed to him involves staying calm and unemotional, we know better than to expect Pynchon to ignore this delicious morsel of irony.<br>

The quote, as well as its author, provides an early glimpse into the book's central theme of war as both a sterile, bureaucratic process and a nightmarish, human ordeal. Blackett's main goal as an adviser to the British military was to make strategic decisions based solely on numbers, rather than emotions or gut feelings. Math itself is a leitmotif of ''Gravity's Rainbow'', where the ordered and pristine world it inhabits is in stark contrast to the hell of war, clearly illustrated in the novel's title. "... A million bureaucrats are diligently plotting death and some of them even know it..." (p. 17)

==Page 13==

13.05 '''he ''knew'''''<br>
We know from V. that TRP knows some of Wittgenstein's key ideas. This
italicized emphasis on knowing without analysis might be a nod to 
the Witttenstein of ''On Certainty'' who argued that universal epistemological doubt was, simply, wrong. "The key, then, is not to claim certain knowledge of propositions like “here is a hand” but rather to recognize that these sorts of propositions lie beyond questions of knowledge or doubt."<br>
Universal epistemolgical doubt is said to start, historically, with Descartes, a philosopher TRP seems to dislike for his 'rationality'.
see ''Against the Day''.

13.14 '''Genital Brain'''.<br>
Both androgen and estrogen receptors have been identified in brains. Several sex-specific genes not dependent on sex steroids are expressed differently in male and female human brains. From wikipedia.

13.20 '''During his Kipling period, beastly Fuzzy-Wuzzies'''<br />
Contrary to Weisenburger, the Fuzzy-Wuzzies were actually the Sudanese natives fighting '''against''' (not conscripted for) the British. Here, Pirate is thinking not of the novels of the arch-apologist for Empire but of such Kipling poems as "Fuzzy-Wuzzy" in which a British soldier declares his grudging admiration for the natives’ fighting spirit. 

13.34 '''No Cary Grant . . . medicine in the punchbowls'''<br />
[[image:gunga-din.gif|thumb|100px|right]]The reference here is not to the anachronistic Howard Hawks film ''Monkey Business'' but to George Stevens’ ''Gunga Din'', the 1939 film loosely inspired by Kipling’s famous poem. It refers specifically to a scene where Cary Grant (and only Cary Grant) is indeed "larking in and out" of the tables of a regimental ball "slipping elephant medicine in the punchbowls." He even has to warn one of his compatriots (Victor McLaglen and Douglas Fairbanks, Jr.) to not drink the punch as he is larking in and out. See [[Weisenburger's Companion to Gravity's Rainbow|Weisenburger's]] note at V684.31-35.

==Page 14==

14.07 '''H.A. Loaf'''<br />
As in "Half a loaf is better than none"? and
"There is at least one Loaf in every outfit".

14.22 '''committed to the Long Run as They are'''<br>
QUOTATION: Long run is a misleading guide to current affairs. In the long run we are all dead.<br> 
ATTRIBUTION: John Maynard Keynes (1883–1946), British economist. A Tract on Monetary Reform, ch. 3 (1923). 

14.27 '''street-wake'''<br>
quantitative model of the “vortex street” wake as a double row of point vortices. An engineering term. Pynchon studied engineering.

14.30-31 '''It was a giant Adenoid!'''<br />
Correspondent Erik Johnson adds the following in relation to the references to the Adenoid here and at 754.38:
"An adenoid is an enlarged mass of lymphoid tissue at the back of the pharynx characteristically obstructing breathing--usually used in plural.  I believe it's likely that Pynchon is also making reference to 'Adenoid Hynkel,' the character of the dictator (and mockery of Hitler) played by Charlie Chaplin in the film The Great Dictator.

Large protoplasmic monsters featured in a number of 1950s and 1960s SF movies, among them:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Blob<br>
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_Master_X-7<br>
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quatermass_II

14.34 '''Lord Blatherard Osmo'''<br />
To "blather" is to talk on foolishly (the reason for his mysterious death?). Lord Blather Hard? "Osmo" suggests "osmosis," the process by which the giant Adenoid would absorb its victims.

14.36 '''sanjak'''<br>
Sanjak and Sandjak are the most common English transliterations of the Turkish word Sancak, which literally means "banner". They were the sub-divisions of the Ottoman provinces referred to as vilayet, eyalet or pashaluk. 
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanjak -

14.04 '''Redcaps'''<br />
[[image:redcap.jpg|thumb|100px|right]]Web correspondent Stephen Remato comments: " . . .  Those serving in the British Army use the term to refer to the Military Police (in the American parlance 'snowdrops' in reference to the white helmets and gaiters); the term 'red caps' refers to the red band around the standard British Army officer's cap, what one might call the headband, which is usually khaki, with the exception of the red of the MPs. This makes much more sense in context, when the ownership of a narcotic cigarette is under scrutiny; why would one care if any Sudanese troops discovered this secret?"
Redcaps are also murderous goblins in English folklore that stain their hats red from the blood of their victims, and must keep killing so the blood on their hats doesn't dry out.  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Redcap

==Page 15==
15.25 '''the balloon rises'''<br>
Besides the barrage balloons above, "the balloon is up" is British slang for "fighting is engaged", "war has begun".

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