Pages 174-177

This page-by-page annotation is organized by sections, as delineated by the seven squares (sprockets) which separate each section. The page numbers for this page-by-page annotation are for the original Viking edition (760 pages). Editions by other publishers vary in pagination — the newer Penguin editions are 776 pages; the Bantam edition is 886 pages.

Contributors: Please use a 760-page edition (either the original Viking edition with the orange cover or the Penguin USA edition with the blue cover and rocket diagram — there are plenty on Ebay for around $10) or search the Google edition for the correct page number. Readers: To calculate the Bantam edition use this formula: Bantam page # x 1.165. Before p.50 it's about a page earlier; as you get later in the book, add a page.

Finally, profound thanks to Prof. Don Larsson for providing the foundation for this page-by-page annotation.

Page 174

golliwog
The Golliwog or Golliwogg is a blackfaced African American caricature created in the late 1800s. It is relatively unknown in the United States, but was historically very popular in Europe. Since the 1960s, the doll has become the subject of a great deal of controversy, with Europeans attempting to decide whether it is a valuable cultural artifact or a racist insult.online dictionary

Golliwog was also World War II British naval slang for a Gauloise cigarette, which had tobacco which was nearly black in colour.

The American rock group Creedence Clearwater Revival was known as "The Golliwogs" and under this name they released a number of singles before the 1970s.

In unofficial military parlance of some countries which has become less common nowadays, the term was used to indicate a piece of equipment that has been tuned, upgraded, and possibly customised to the point where it is no longer similar to the stock item it started as. The term stems from the fact that although the Golliwog itself was black – its standard form was featureless in a sense – it was always represented as decorated smartly with, for example, ribbons and bows. It could be said to be found always dressed up in finery; no Golliwog was ever seen dressed conservatively.
Golliwog [[1]]

Page 175

Tommy
tommy, n., Chiefly British: A British soldier. American Heritage Dictionary.

Jerries
Jerry, n. pl. 'Jerries'; war slang 1a. A German soldier; a German; 1b. German soldiers collectively; the Germans.
Etymology: alteration of German.

So, the two nouns in the song allude to the famous cartoon series Tom & Jerry. [[2]]

she [Penelope] can see the crocheted shawl
The most famous Penelope, of course, is in The Odyssey, Odysseus' faithful wife who spent his time away weaving a shroud..and unweaving it at night.