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==Page 337==
'''''stvyeh''s and ''znyi''s''' 
These are suffixes but both of the examples which Weisenburger quotes from Terrill Shepard Soules miss the point. There is no such word as ''sdravstuyeh''; the Russian word for 'hello' is ''zdravstvuy'' or ''zravstvuyte'', second person imperative forms of the verb zdravstvovat', literally 'to be healthy". There is no such word as ''nebreznieh'' either; ''nebrezhnyi'' (masculine, singular) means 'careless, neglectful'. The suffix ''-stviye'' produces nouns, as in ''udovol'stviye'', 'pleasure'. The suffix ''-nyi'' (where y is for the central close vowel "yery", and i is for the half-vowel y) is an adjective ending (masculine, singular, nominative); when it is attached to a noun stem with z, it becomes -znyi, as in ''groznyi'', 'terrible".

==Page 338==
'''the local Likbez center''' 
Likbez was a campaign of eradication of illiteracy in Soviet Russia in the 1920s and 1930s. It was started on December 26, 1919, when Lenin signed the decree "On eradication of illiteracy among the population of RSFSR." According to this decree, all people from 8 to 50 years old were required to become literate in their native language.

==Page 339==
339.17-18 '''naked Leningrad encounters with the certainty of his death''' 
The 872-day Siege of Leningrad by German forces in World War II was one of the longest battles in the history of warfare and one of the costliest in human lives.

==Page 351==
351.06 '''Jablochkov candles''' 
Paul Jablochkov (or Pavel Yablochkov, 1847-1894) was a Russian engineer. His "candles" were the first practical electric carbon-arc lamps, hence the connection here with Tchitcherine’s vision of the carbonized faces of the war dead.

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Pages 329-336

2008-05-16T11:20:55Z

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==Page 329==
'''329.26-27 Crazy Sue Dunham''' 
This character is apparently real. Pynchon found out about her from ''The Berkshire Hills''. The description of her in "The Secret Integration" is a close paraphrase of several paragraphs in the book. <ref>''The Berkshire Hills''', Funk & Wagnalls Company, New York, 1939, p.256</ref>

'''329.28 Snodd’s Mountain''' 
Although Pynchon undoubtedly wants the reference to be to the Snodd family, the mountain would not be named for the young Grover of "The Secret Integration," as Weisenburger suggests, since Grover himself would not be born until the 1950s.

'''329.32 headed for Rhode Island''' 
In addition to fleeing to the relative tolerance found in that colony, Amy Sprue’s journey has another significance. ''The Berkshire Hills'' mentions several times that much of the region was settled by people from Rhode Island. Her journey then is another example of (in this case, literally) arrested hysteron proteron, the device of the reversal of a process mentioned several times by Weisenburger.

==Page 330==
'''330.07 depicted as hags''' 
The description of witches fits not just the Wicked Witch of the West in The Wizard of Oz. In another passage in The Berkshire Hills, Crazy Sue Dunham, whom some believed to be a witch, is referred to as "the Berkshire wandering hag." <ref>''Ibid'', p.70</ref>

'''330.27 Clausthal-Zelterfeld''' 
Misspelling for [http://www.clausthal-zellerfeld.de/ Clausthal-Zellerfeld].

'''330.29 it’s the Specter''' 
[[image:brocken.jpg|thumb|100px|right]]Another reference gleaned from [[Pages 20-29#Page 27|''The Berkshire Hills'']] , where Pynchon very likely first discovered the Brockengespenst:

:"Of the stories and legends about Old Greylock, the one about the 'Specter' is most popular. [...] The phenomenon of a gigantic shadow of an object reflected in a cloud is so well known as to have a German name, Brockengespenst (Specter of the Brocken) from Brocken, the highest peak of the Hartz [sic] Mountains. As Greylockgespenst would be a bit unwieldy for Berkshire, here it is simply called the Specter." <ref>''Ibid'', p.42</ref>

Mount Greylock is the highest point in Massachusetts.

==Page 332==
'''332.06-07 surely an interlock somewhere with Lyle Bland''' 
Though generally used to mean "an interconnection," the term "interlock" is also used in cinema, especially in reference to a device that keeps sound and visual tracks in synch.

'''332.17 Schnorp''' 
Another comic-book sound, suggesting a noisy sucking in, as of spaghetti through the mouth or mucous through the nose.

'''332.23 nobody bothers a balloon''' 
Dorothy attempts, but fails, to escape from Oz in a balloon. A balloon is also used by W.C. Fields and the dummy Charlie McCarthy in ''You Can’t Cheat an Honest Man'' (1939).

==References==
<references/>

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Pages 314-329

2008-05-03T17:40:34Z

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==Page 315==
'''315.08 Steve Edelman''' 
"Edelman" may be from the German for "nobleman," but the name sounds real, as though it might be a reference to a person whom Pynchon actually knew. Coincidentally, there is a Minneapolis talk-show host (who makes a brief cameo appearance in the film ''Fargo'') and TV producer named Steve Edelman as well as a studio musician based in Los Angeles (bass, not harmonica, unfortunately).

==Page 320==
'''320.09 bu-bu-bu-boo''' 
An empty song phrase often used by mimics of Bing Crosby’s crooning style.

==Page 321==[http://www.example.com link title]
[[image:seige-perilous.jpg|thumb|100px|right]]'''321.06-07 Siege Perilous''' 
Not Castle Perilous, as Weisenburger has it, but the Perilous Seat at King Arthur’s Round Table (which is why the jokers are sneaking Whoopee Cushions on it. The Whoopee Cushion itself emits an embarrassing farting sound when sat on). Only the pure could sit there without being destroyed (hence the "peril"), and in most versions Galahad alone qualified for the place.

==Page 322==
'''322.10 Samuel Maherero's''' 
Maharero seems to be a more common spelling. See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_Maharero English] and [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_Maharero German] entries in Wikipedia

==Page 324==
324.18-19 '''damn him to the knob of that nervous imperial staff''' 
Apart from being an example of sexual/political double entendre, the exact phrase "Christ's imperial staff" occurs in [http://george-macdonald.book-lover.com/8pgm110/index_U174.html#i._8 a poem by George MacDonald] (himself an unorthodox Calvinist), dedicated to General Gordon of Khartoum fame.
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Pages 314-329

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==Page 315==
'''315.08 Steve Edelman''' 
"Edelman" may be from the German for "nobleman," but the name sounds real, as though it might be a reference to a person whom Pynchon actually knew. Coincidentally, there is a Minneapolis talk-show host (who makes a brief cameo appearance in the film ''Fargo'') and TV producer named Steve Edelman as well as a studio musician based in Los Angeles (bass, not harmonica, unfortunately).

==Page 320==
'''320.09 bu-bu-bu-boo''' 
An empty song phrase often used by mimics of Bing Crosby’s crooning style.

==Page 321==[http://www.example.com link title]
[[image:seige-perilous.jpg|thumb|100px|right]]'''321.06-07 Siege Perilous''' 
Not Castle Perilous, as Weisenburger has it, but the Perilous Seat at King Arthur’s Round Table (which is why the jokers are sneaking Whoopee Cushions on it. The Whoopee Cushion itself emits an embarrassing farting sound when sat on). Only the pure could sit there without being destroyed (hence the "peril"), and in most versions Galahad alone qualified for the place.

==Page 322==
'''322.10 Samuel Maherero's''' 
Maharero seems to be a more common spelling. See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_Maharero English] and [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_Maharero German] entries in Wikipedia

==Page 324==
324.18-19 damn him to the knob of that nervous imperial staff 
Apart from being an example of sexual/political double entendre, the exact phrase "Christ's imperial staff" occurs in [http://george-macdonald.book-lover.com/8pgm110/index_U174.html#i._8 a poem by George MacDonald] (himself an unorthodox Calvinist), dedicated to General Gordon of Khartoum fame.
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2008-02-07T21:57:06Z

BortzImre: /* Page 280 */

Pages 249-269

2008-02-07T19:26:58Z

BortzImre: /* Page 260 */

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==Page 247==
249.30 '''like Tenniel's Alice''' 
Tenniel drew Alice for the original editions of ''Alice in Wonderland'' and ''Through the Looking Glass''.

==Page 249==
249.5 & 6 '''Anglo vigilantes from Whittier''' 
Whittier High School and Whittier College is where President Richard M. Nixon, President when GR was published, hailed from. [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nixon]]

This literary device tying Nixon to race riots and social repression works on literary license only, and in reviewing the historic situation it appears that the riots were not so much white vigilantes from Whittier attacking Zoot Suiters, as drunken Navy men gone wild and finding an easy target in Mexican American youth.

This seems doubly galling on Pynchon's part:

First, Whittier, CA, was and largely remains a Quaker community, named after the Quaker Abolitionist poet John Greenleaf Whittier. Quakers are among the most pacificistic of peoples. In addition they embody many of the values Pynchon seems to support: egalitarianism, heirarchy-less assembly, the notion of a God available to all people unmediated by a priesthood or the elect, etc. Violence is not part of their program.

Second, Pynchon is throwing the blame for the riots on Whittier (this contributor has never been to Whittier) instead of what appears to be the true cause of the riots -- nasty, drunken, sailors -- those guys TRP hung out with for a while -- and then other service branches joining in the race baiting. Please see the PBS website and program for more information: [http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/zoot/index.html The Zoot Suit Riots].

Richard Nixon, however, remains at the center of this Navy-Violence-Whittier-Quaker venn diagram. A Quaker from Whittier who in WWII served in the Navy. I, for one, could never figure how a Quaker president could bomb Cambodia or deal in such political slime.

==Page 250==
250.25-26 '''Sandoz (where, as every schoolchild knows, the legendary Dr. Hofmann made his important discovery)'''

That is, Albert Hofmann discovered the psychedelic effects of LSD-25 in 1943.

==Page 252==
252.19-20 '''penis-in-the-popcorn-box routine''' 
Old urban 'legend', known as *Penis Surprise*. Urban Dictionary.

==Page 253==
253.03-4 '''this smile [Slothrop's own] asks from him more grace..''' 
'Grace' is the last word of ''Against the Day'' and a key thematic concept therein.

253.20-21 '''heads for a bistro on the old-Nice side of La Porte Fausse''' 
[http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:NIKAIA-porteFausseD1.jpg La Porte Fausse] is a passage connecting the glamorous, touristy "modern"(19th century) centre of Nice with the crammed old town, which used to be a working-class district. It is called "The False Gate" because it looks as if it were just a gateway to a house. Passing to the other side seems to be an objective metaphor for entering the preterite world.

==Page 255==
255.26 '''it's Murray Smile''' 
It would seem that this name is derived from Murray Wilson, Beach Boy Brian Wilson's abusive father, and the LP ''Smile'', the legendary 1967 Beach Boys album that was never completed due to Brian's mental collapse and loss of will; Pynchon hung out with Brian during the legendary "Smile" Period [[Pynchon and Brian Wilson]]

==Page 257==
257.31-32 '''The War has been reconfiguring time and space into its own image. The track runs in different networks now.''' 
Cf. the railway network as a metaphor for parallel worlds or alternative histories in [[http://cl49.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Main_Page COL 49]].

==Page 260==
260.3
'''perpetual motion or as we like to call it Entropy Management''' 
The whole passage reads somewhat like an ultra-condensed version of [[http://cl49.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Main_Page COL49]], Chapter Five.

260.9-10
'''robobopsters ... got a little goatee made out of steel wool.''' 
Seems to be a bit anachronistic. After all, bebop was first promoted as "bebop" as late as 1944, and its popularity began to grow beyond Harlem in the summer of 1945. (The much-imitated goatee belonged to Dizzy Gillespie.)

260.30
'''"You interested in some L.S.D."''' 
As a man from Sandoz, Mario Schweitar is aware of the hallucinogenic effect of LSD, discovered by Albert Hofmann in 1943. Slothrop, of course, has never head about it. Schweitar's "mournful" remark about the "wrong country" seems to be a complaint about Schwitzerland's neutrality and small market; the CIA and the U.S. Army used LSD in tests before it became a counter-culture fad.

==Page 261==
261.29
'''Gemüse-Brücke''' 
Gemüsebrücke, or Gmüesbrugg, is the traditional name for the Rathausbrücke (a vegetable market used to be here).

==Page 262==
262.5-6
'''Wilhelm Tell Overture''' 
The Rossini thread is picked up here after Rue Rossini in Nice. Another escape from Their gaze.

262.6-7
'''hope nobody was looking through that one-way glass''' 
A recurrence of the "half-silvered images", introduced on the very first page; representing political power, which sees but cannnot be clearly seen. Sounds quite Foucauldian.

262.9
'''King Tiger tank''' 
''Königstiger'' (officially Panzerkampfwagen VI) was the most impressive German heavy tank in World War II, although it had several construction faults. Just like a Rolls, it was a kind of rarity; Porsche produced only 489 such tanks from late 1943 to March 1945. The comparison emphasizes the concept of WW II as a cluster of ambilateral business transactions.

==Page 263==
263.20-21
'''The paper is fifteen years old.''' 
Another echo of COL 49, Ch 5, where another Hispanic anarchist, Jesús Arrabal has an issue of ''Regeneración'' from 1904 on his table at a greasy spoon.

==Page 264==
264.40-41
'''In ordinary times ... the center always wins. Its power grows with time, and that can't be reversed''' 
This is a combination of Max Weber's notion of center and periphery with the Second Law of thermodynamics. So "decentralizing" in "extraordinary times" (p. 265.1-2) is an act of "entropy management".

==Page 265==
265.24-25 '''connections of many years' standing with the Republican underground''' 
Meaning the Spanish Republic (1931-39), in which anarchists played a major role.

==Page 267==
267.35-36 '''Reformation country, Zwingli's town''' 
Yes but this only highlights a strange omission: even the narrator fails to notice that Slothrop has just visited the real birthplace of Puritanism, that is, Geneva.

==Page 268==
268.5-6
'''as a mantra... they have been taught to speak inwardly ''oss''''' 
Buddhist mantras start with the syllable ''om'', representing the Universe as inward vibration. ''Oss'', with the voiceless (non-vibrating) sibilant is apparently an anti-mantra meaning bones, representing Nothing, just the escape of air.

268.34-35
'''step by step he, It, the Repressed, approaches''' 
"It, the Repressed" is clearly Freudian terminology. Here, Jamf's "German-scientist mind, battered down by Death to only the most brute reflexes," seems to fade into Infant Tyrone's mind ''conditioned'' to the most brute reflexes by the German scientist; and that is the ambiguous "he" Slothrop is afraid of.
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Pages 279-295

2008-02-07T08:56:00Z

BortzImre: /* Page 290 */

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==Page 280==
'''280.15 Geli Tripping''' 
Another name taken from Gilbert and Sullivan, this time from ''HMS Pinafore''. When the Female Relations of Sir Joseph Porter, the First Lord of the Admiralty, board the ship, they sing, "Gaily tripping,/ Lightly skipping,/ Flock the maidens to the shipping." The name is not without psychedelic overtones reminiscent of the Merry Pranksters.

==Page 281==
'''281.01-02 die kalte Sophie''' 
"cold wisdom"? Correspondent Morten Peters gives a better explanation!:
"-the allusion may be intended by Pynchon, but originally this is just the German traditional agricolan term for the last day of the "eisheiligen", which are normally the last days in the year that can be really cold."
Igor Zabel also offers the following:

:"The days of the three "ice-men" (May 12, 13 and 14) are followed by the day of Sophia, 15 May, called "the cold Sophia" because it is considered to be the conclusion of the cold days in May. The "ice-saints" are believed to be the end of the winter period; they represent a period when, in high spring, it can get quite cold and sometimes snow may fall. It is a dangerous time for peasants since the cold period can endanger or even destroy the harvest. In 1945, these days have passed without damaging the wine grapes. We have the same tradition in Slovenia, the popular name for the "kalte Sophie" is "polulana Zofka" which means the "wet" or "peed Sophy" (since it usually rains on that day)."

==Page 285==
'''285.37 Jim Fisk style''' 
Before his involvement with gold markets and railroads, Fisk was a Yankee peddler working the Berkshires. There are several references to him in ''The Berkshire Hills'' (though his name is misspelled "Fiske").

==Page 290==
'''290.16 A Soviet intelligence officer named Tchitcherine''' 
Explaining the sources for the name, Weisenburger cites Theodore von Kármán (''The Wind and Beyond''. Boston: Little, 1967), and David Seed ("Pynchon's Two Tchitcherines", ''Pynchon Notes'' 5:11-12). Kármán writes the following: "Frank Tchitcherine was of Russian origin, and in fact had been related to the first minister of education in the Kerensky government. This Tchitcherine helped convince the Germans to disclose their hiding place for literally tons on research documents pertaining to the rocket and supersonic flight." It seems that Von Kármán was wrong about both the date and the function. There was only one Chicherin on the Russian political scene at that time. Kerensky's minister of education was [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrei_Manuilov A. A. Manuilov], who was in no position to convince the Germans about anything as the two nations were at war while the Kerensky government was in office. (In fact, German rocket research began in earnest only after 1929, when Hermann Oberth published ''Die Rakete zu den Planetenräumen''.) On the other hand, Georgy Chicherin, an aristocrat by birth and a lover of German culture, was an ideal diplomatic partner for German foreign ministers Von Brockdorff-Rantzau, Rathenau, and Stresemann.
"Vaslav" is obviously taken from Nijinsky's first name. There is no such Russian name as Vaslav. Originally it was Vatslav but the affricate [ts] was smoothed to [s], perhaps because it was easier for the French to pronounce.

==Page 294==
'''294.11 Ge-li, Ge-li, Ge-li''' 
Although often evoked by mimics, Cary Grant never actually said "Ju-dy, Ju-dy, Ju-dy."

'''294.20-21 Thanx for the info, and a tip of the Scuffling hat to ya''' 
Slothrop copies the signoff to Jimmy Hatlo’s comic strip "They’ll Do It Every Time," which was based on ideas from readers. These contributors were typically acknowledged with the words, "Thanx, and a tip of the Hatlo hat to..."

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Pages 279-295

2008-02-06T12:47:15Z

BortzImre: /* Page 290 */

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==Page 280==
'''280.15 Geli Tripping''' 
Another name taken from Gilbert and Sullivan, this time from ''HMS Pinafore''. When the Female Relations of Sir Joseph Porter, the First Lord of the Admiralty, board the ship, they sing, "Gaily tripping,/ Lightly skipping,/ Flock the maidens to the shipping." The name is not without psychedelic overtones reminiscent of the Merry Pranksters.

==Page 281==
'''281.01-02 die kalte Sophie''' 
"cold wisdom"? Correspondent Morten Peters gives a better explanation!:
"-the allusion may be intended by Pynchon, but originally this is just the German traditional agricolan term for the last day of the "eisheiligen", which are normally the last days in the year that can be really cold."
Igor Zabel also offers the following:

:"The days of the three "ice-men" (May 12, 13 and 14) are followed by the day of Sophia, 15 May, called "the cold Sophia" because it is considered to be the conclusion of the cold days in May. The "ice-saints" are believed to be the end of the winter period; they represent a period when, in high spring, it can get quite cold and sometimes snow may fall. It is a dangerous time for peasants since the cold period can endanger or even destroy the harvest. In 1945, these days have passed without damaging the wine grapes. We have the same tradition in Slovenia, the popular name for the "kalte Sophie" is "polulana Zofka" which means the "wet" or "peed Sophy" (since it usually rains on that day)."

==Page 285==
'''285.37 Jim Fisk style''' 
Before his involvement with gold markets and railroads, Fisk was a Yankee peddler working the Berkshires. There are several references to him in ''The Berkshire Hills'' (though his name is misspelled "Fiske").

==Page 290==
'''290.16 A Soviet intelligence officer named Tchitcherine''' 
In explaining the sources for the name, Weisenburger cites Theodore von Kármán (''The Wind and Beyond''. Boston: Little, 1967), and David Seed ("Pynchon's Two Tchitcherines", ''Pynchon Notes'' 5:11-12). Kármán writes the following: "Frank Tchitcherine was of Russian origin, and in fact had been related to the first minister of education in the Kerensky government. This Tchitcherine helped convince the Germans to disclose their hiding place for literally tons on research documents pertaining to the rocket and supersonic flight." It seems that Von Kármán was wrong about both the date and the function. There was only one Chicherin on the Russian political scene at that time. Kerensky's minister of education was [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrei_Manuilov A. A. Manuilov], who was in no position to convince the Germans about anything as the two nations were at war while the Kerensky government was in office. (In fact, German rocket research began in earnest only after 1929, when Hermann Oberth published ''Die Rakete zu den Planetenräumen''.) On the other hand, Georgy Chicherin, an aristocrat by birth and a lover of German culture, was an ideal diplomatic partner for German foreign ministers Von Brockdorff-Rantzau, Rathenau, and Stresemann.
"Vaslav" is obviously taken from Nijinsky's first name. There is no such Russian name as Vaslav. Originally it was Vatslav but the affricate [ts]was smoothed to [s], perhaps because it was easier for the French to pronounce.

==Page 294==
'''294.11 Ge-li, Ge-li, Ge-li''' 
Although often evoked by mimics, Cary Grant never actually said "Ju-dy, Ju-dy, Ju-dy."

'''294.20-21 Thanx for the info, and a tip of the Scuffling hat to ya''' 
Slothrop copies the signoff to Jimmy Hatlo’s comic strip "They’ll Do It Every Time," which was based on ideas from readers. These contributors were typically acknowledged with the words, "Thanx, and a tip of the Hatlo hat to..."

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