Difference between revisions of "Gravity's Rainbow Title"

Latest revision as of 13:24, 10 July 2012

Mindless Pleasures

According to Gerald Howard, who was an assistant editor at Viking Penguin during GR's editorial process, Pynchon submitted the manuscript without a title, "which at some point acquired the working title Mindless Pleasures... Although Mindless Pleasures was used in Viking's original announcement to the press, no one at all seemed pleased with it (it comes from a phrase that occurs twice in the book), and Kennebeck floated, with the air of semidesperation one feels in these situations, such duds as Powers That Be, Angel of the Preterite, Control, and Slothrop Dodging (well, you try it). I'm guessing that Pynchon came up with Gravity's Rainbow, which was perfection." See "Pynchon from A to V", Bookforum, Summer 2005. [1]

Artwork for Mindless Pleasures?

Many paperback houses got the manuscript under the title Mindless Pleasures to read for paperback consideration. That title picks up a concept articulated in Pynchon's first published short story, The Small Rain. (how?)

References to the title within GR

The word "gravity" appears 28 times in the novel, while "rainbow" appears 16 times.

The most widely agreed-upon interpretation is that the title "Gravity's Rainbow" refers to the shape of the V-2 rocket's trajectory, a rainbow-shaped parabola caused by gravity. This derives most explicitly from page 209:

"But it is a curve each of them feels, unmistakably. It is the parabola. They must have guessed, once or twice — guessed and refused to believe — that everything, always, collectively, had been moving toward that purified shape latent in the sky, that shape of no surprise, no second chances, no return. Yet they do move forever under it, reserved for its own black-and-white bad news certainly as if it were the Rainbow, and they its children...."

This interpretation is reinforced by the fact that the original hard-cover editions of Gravity's Rainbow had a parabola intaglioed into the front cover.

A couple other passage contain possible interpretations:

Page 590:

"To find that Gravity [...] is really something eerie, Messianic, extrasensory in Earth's mindbody...having hugged to its holy center the wastes of dead species, gathered, packed, transmuted, realigned, and rewoven molecules to be taken up again by the coal-tar Kabbalists of the other side [...]" 590

There, "gravity's rainbow" could be interpreted to mean the manifold, infinitely complex layers of strata that form the Earth.

Page 166:

"We passed over the coal-tars. A thousand different molecules waited in the preterite dung. [...] This is one meaning of mauve, the first new color on Earth, leaping to Earth's light from its grave miles and aeons below." 166

There, Gravity's rainbow could be the many colors synthesized from coal-tar.

Andrew Dinn Speculates

The following is one-time Pynchon List member Andrew Dinn's speculation:

Leafing for a second time through a collection of Rilke's poems the other day, I noticed again, and this time paid attention to, a poem called "Schwerkraft ("Gravity") written in October 1924. I believe it is very likely to be be a source for Pynchon's title. Here is the poem:

Mitte, wie du aus allen

dich ziest, auch noch aus Fliegenden dich

wiedergewinnst, Mitte, du Staerkste.

Stehender: wie ein Trank den Durst

Durchstuerzt ihn die Schwerkraft.

Doch aus dem Schlafenden faellt,

wie aus lagernder Wolke,

reichlicher Regen der Schwere.

The (not particularly lovely) translation I have is by Michael Hamburger and goes as follows:

Centre, how from them all

you draw yourself, even from flying creatures

win back yourself, centre, the strongest.

The standing man

as drink through thirst

gravity rushes through him.

But from the sleeper falls,

as from a cloud at rest,

gravity's plentiful rain.

As far as my small German (and my not very large dictionary) goes, "Schwerkraft" is definitively "gravity," the attractive force, whereas "Schwere" in the last line suggests more gravity as in seriousness, although it can stand in for "Schwerkraft."

So, why is this a source for the title? Well, the mere mention of rain and gravity in the last line ought to be cause enough for speculation, as should the whole conceit of gravity/seriousness as a central force, weighing on those who try to stand against it, dragging down those who try to fly away.

But consider also the contrast in the second and third stanzas between the standing — or striving? — man, on whom gravity hangs heavy like an anchor chain and the sleeping man floating like a cloud, shedding his heaviness. Mindlessness, dreaming, has its own particular pleasures and achieves some form of liberation from heaviness, seriousness.

And, of course, after shedding one's burden of gravity like a rain shower, what else would you expect in the calm which follows the storm but a rainbow?

Jules Siegel Speculates

Jules was Pynchon's roommate at Cornell and they stayed in touch for some years after graduating. In 1977, Jules wrote an article for Playboy magazine, "Who is Thomas Pynchon ... and Why Did He Take Off with My Wife?". More here...

The following are Jules Siegel's speculations, with input from Sean Klein:

At 01:17 PM 05/21/97 PDT, wrote: [snip material about clarity, etc.]

I think that Pynchon is at his most superior when he's writing clearly. Someone said earlier that his writing is actually often quite clear, but his plots are difficult. I think that's because he doesn't have plots in the conventional sense. It's one of the more appealing qualities of his writing. You don't have to begin Gravity's Rainbow at the beginning. There is no beginning. It does open with a specific scene, but the book's organization is topological rather than logical. It describes a space and its contents, which relate to each other the way furniture and decorations in a room relate to the room and to each other. There is some sense of chronological time, but it is not very important in the novel's structure, which takes you through an exploration of a multi-dimensional map.

The space described by this map is Gravity's Rainbow — the parabola of the rocket vs the arc of the rainbow, but also the whole range of life as seen in the most primitive form — just shit rearranging itself in new forms through eternity. I think that's the reason for so much fecal imagery.

When I first started corresponding with Andrew Dinn, I wrote:

"I wonder if anyone has commented on what it means: we are Gravity's Rainbow. You know — the spectrum is a manifestation of light energy. So Gravity's Rainbow would be the spectrum of gravity — all that has mass, I guess. But I don't really think it applies, because gravity isn't energy; it's an effect of the shape of space, supposedly. I think that gravity's really just another manifestation of what we call sexual attraction, love, that which brings one to join with another."

Andrew replied:

"Bravo Jules, but you should be writing this to the list. Others have played with that idea but usually without communicating what lies behind it so succinctly and cogently."

This is how I got involved in all this to begin with. Thanks a lot, Andrew. But let us continue. I wrote that on the basis of skimming the book in 1974. In the past few weeks I've been looking through it more carefully. I think my initial reaction was correct.

Gravity's Rainbow is the Periodic Table of the Elements acted out by cartoon puppets. Think of a school play with kids in colored costumes being the different colors of the spectrum — Red, Orange, Yellow, Green, Blue, Indigo, Violet — and acting out little skits with songs symbolizing the nature of each color. Now extend the metaphor to the Elements, only use weirdos to play them. They are kind of crawling around in the muck bopping each other like the Three Stooges. They rise up in spirit and become beautiful and glowing and then they sink back into the muck again — or the Rocket sinks them again. Or They contrive to keep them down.

These are preliminary thoughts. My main point is that the book is about the leap from shit through flesh to spirit and that this process is Gravity's Rainbow. The process is not described as a linear plot, but as eruptions along a continuum. The continuum is not any place in particular but the stuff of the book itself. If you look through the book, you'll find specific references to gravity as a manifestation of the life force and the planet as a living organism.

With a book of this magnitude with so many subjects and so many mystical and mathematical allusions, *any* number can be made to seem a significant number.

This is very true and is the basis of most mystical numerological confabulation.

I think it's helpful to look at mathematical representations of feedback, the way a rocket homes in on a target.

When you look at astrological signs as descriptions of states of energy this becomes even more interesting:

Astrology is an agricultural almanac. Each sign represents a state of energy. Fire, Earth, Air and Water are actually almost exactly equivalent to Plasma, Solid, Gas, and Liquid. In the system above, you can see that a growth cycle is being described, beginning with the enthusiastic spurt of the germinating seed, which then turns to the plodding cow, then to the opening of the buds of the leaves and so on.

Each state of energy is opposite to (or a correction of) the previous one, but in a different direction. Now remove the astrological symbolism and simply view the transformations of energy as the underlying state of the cosmos. Whether you then translate this as Tarot or Astrology or I-Ching or whatever, you are always dealing with the same process of self correcting feedback.

In other words, Gravity's Rainbow.

© Jules Siegel

Random and semi-random associations

In Genesis 9:13-15, the first rainbow is a token of God's covenant not to destroy humanity again — or not with a flood, anyway. As an old spiritual has it: "God gave Noah the rainbow sign / No more water, the fire next time."
God's covenant was even stronger, in Genesis:
Genesis 9: 16 "And the bow shall be in the cloud; and I will look upon it, that I may remember the everlasting covenant between God and every living creature of all flesh that is upon the earth."
Genesis 9: 17 "And God said unto Noah, This is the token of the covenant, which I have established between me and all flesh that is upon the earth."

Gravity is also what gives objects massed weight. Cf. a major evil character taking on mass in Against the Dayp.743